![]() ![]() However, the production and quality of papaya were often threatened by various abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, and cold. Papaya is widely grown in southern China, the tropics and subtropics areas, and its demand is increasing every year. Comprehensive analysis of important gene families are very important for molecular breeding.Īs an important and popular fruit, papaya is famous for its high nutritional and medical values. Therefore, the traditional method of obtaining the stress tolerance of plants by modification a single resistance/sensitive gene is limited. Previous studies have demonstrated that these physiological and biochemical mechanisms are more likely to be a polygenic cooperative defense response induced by various stresses, rather than the single response of a single gene ( Zhang, Creelman & Zhu, 2004). For better growth and development, plants have to make use of a series of physiological and biochemical processes in their responses to multiple abiotic stresses by regulating gene expression ( Agarwal et al., 2006 Feller et al., 2011 Pires & Dolan, 2010). Since plants are unable to move, plant growth and development are regularly affected by abiotic and biotic stresses, which impair yields and result in losses to farmers. These findings would lay a foundation for further investigate of the molecular functions of CpbHLHs. Abiotic stress treatment and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed some important candidate CpbHLHs that might be responsible for abiotic stress responses in papaya. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that CpbHLHs mainly functions in protein dimerization activity and DNA-binding, and most CpbHLHs were predicted to localize in the nucleus. Promoter cis-element analysis revealed that most of the CpbHLHs contained cis-elements that can respond to various biotic/abiotic stress-related events. The amino acid sequences of the bHLH domains were quite conservative, especially Leu-27 and Leu-63. The number of exons in CpbHLHs varied from one to 10 with an average of five. Almost all of the CpbHLHs in the same subfamily shared similar gene structures and protein motifs according to analysis of exon/intron organizations and motif compositions. Here, a total of 73 CpbHLHs were identified in papaya, and these genes were classified into 18 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. However, no comprehensive analysis of the bHLH family in papaya ( Carica papaya L.) has been reported previously. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) have been identified and functionally characterized in many plants. ![]() Genome-wide analysis of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in papaya ( Carica papaya L.) PeerJ 8: e9319 ![]() Cite this article Yang M, Zhou C, Yang H, Kuang R, Huang B, Wei Y. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Licence This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China DOI 10.7717/peerj.9319 Published Accepted Received Academic Editor Yuriy Orlov Subject Areas Agricultural Science, Bioinformatics, Genomics, Plant Science Keywords Papaya, Genome-wide analysis, bHLH transcription factors, Abiotic stress, Expression analysis Copyright © 2020 Yang et al. ![]()
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